US federal investigators say a gunman who killed four marines in a shooting spree in Tennessee had no known links to international terrorism.
Mohammad Youssuf Abdulazeez, 24, was shot dead by police after he attacked a military recruitment centre and a naval reserve centre in Chattanooga.
Local prosecutors are investigating the attacks - in which three people were also injured - as "domestic terrorism".
However, the FBI says Abdulazeez's motive is unclear.
A police officer and a marine corps recruiter were wounded, along with a female sailor who remains in a serious condition in hospital.
President Barack Obama said the attacks were "heartbreaking".
Analysis: By Gary O'Donoghue, BBC News, Tennessee
The investigation is still at an early stage, but it appears that Muhammad Youssef Abdulazeez was acting alone. What made him do what he did will be the subject of intensive inquiries that will delve deep into his past and that of his friends and family, and into his state of mind.
But lone wolves, as such men are often described, are the hardest to stop.
Both the president and the head of the FBI have recently underlined this problem and called on local communities to be vigilant for the signs of any radicalisation.
It is also hard for the authorities to protect all potential targets. The first location at which Abdulazeez began firing was an army recruitment office, in the middle of a strip mall, flanked by a mobile phone shop and an Italian restaurant - in other words, firmly within the local community. Many will not want the military to retreat completely behind barbed wire and concrete barriers.
Gunman: 'Life is short and bitter'
The attacks unfolded at 10:45 local time (14:45 GMT) on Thursday.
The suspected was seen pulling up in a rented Ford Mustang convertible outside a shopping centre and opening fire, spraying the offices of a military recruiting centre with bullets.
April Grimmett was working at a nearby hair salon, and said she had looked out of a window and saw a man ducking in between cars.
"Shortly after that, we heard the (shots). It was very loud and very fast," she was quoted by CNN as saying. "I could not believe how many bullet holes were in that door. It was insane."
Army spokeswoman Kelli Bland said four Army recruiters had been in the building at the time of the shooting, but no one was injured.
Name: Shittu Adeola Lateefat
ReplyDeleteMatric No: 13/30/0558
EXAMINE THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINES ALL OVER THE WORLD WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON NIGERIA WITH REFERENCES
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD
According to British philosopher Francis Bacon, the printing press was one of the three inventions that “changes the whole face” and state of things throughout the world.
In 1663, German theologian and poet Johann Rist created a periodical called Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen (“Edifying monthly discussions”). Widely considered to be one of the earliest examples of a modern magazine, the gazette lasted for five years and spanned a myriad of similar journals in England, France and Italy. Cultured young intellectuals readily devoured the periodicals, which summarized new books and welcomes scholarly articles.
In 1672, the first “periodical of amusement” was published. Le Mercure Galand (later called Mercure de France), was created by French writer and playwright Jean Donneau de Vize. The publication contains news, songs, short verses and gossip.
In 1731, an English man named Edward Cave published a periodical called The Gentleman’s magazines. He invented the word “magazine” from the Arabic word “Makhazin”, which meant store house.
In 1842, British news agent Herbert Ingram created the first illustration magazine. After realizing that colourful sketches and illustrations contributed to magazine sales. Ingram began publishing The Illustrated London News.
Today, there are thousand of magazines worldwide. Magazine inspired, informed, educated and entertain audience across the globe.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT MAGAZINE IN NIGERIA
In years past, magazine publication in Nigeria used to place emphasis on the information they were distributing, not necessarily the aesthetic quality. From the mid 80s to the 90s, magazine publication could sometimes be difficult to produce due to the unavailability of advanced computer technology. At that time in Nigeria, there was news magazine like TSM (The Sunday Magazine) published by the late May Ellen, Newswatch by the late Dele Giwa, and Tell which was started by group of people from newswastch. Also, popular in the late 80s and early 90s were some soft sell magazine like PrimePeople and the Lifestyle true story magazine, such as Hints and Hearts, which were published by Dr. Kachukwu and Chief Godwin respectively.
Of all the magazine that were published then, only a handful are still in circulation Tell, Newswatch and Hints. The magazines has faced some problems Turbulence in the form of government oppression (as in the cases of Tell and newswatch); economic decoturn and the challenges of then emerging digital technology, but they still stayed true to their causes.
REFERENCES
The Editor of Encyclopaedia Britannica “Le Mercure De Frence (French Magazine)” Encyclopaedia Britannica online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, n.d. web 25 August, 2014.
A Dictionary of the English Language, 1755. Web. 26 August 2014.
University of North Carolina at Pembroke (A brief history of Nigeria magazine) n.d. Web 31st August 2014.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica “Sports illustrated (America Magazine) n.d. Web 31 August 2014.
Isaacson, Walter Public Citizen: Philadelphia 1731, 1748” Benjamin Franklin: An America Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003. Print.
HISTORY OF MAGAZINE IN NIGERIA by Shobiye Morufat O. 13/30/0388
ReplyDeleteMagazine like every other print media began with the sole aim of informing, educating and entertaining the people with news happenings in the environment and especially in an investigative journalistic order and or, indepth analysis.
The history of magazine in Nigeria goes far back as the 1840s when European missionaries established community newspapers to propagate Christianity. This initiative later gave rise to the establishment of newspaper outfits by the likes of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe in 1937. Titled West African Pilot, Zik’s paper pioneered a general protest against the British colonial rule and resulted to the eventual attainment of independence in 1960.
The historical background and development of the Nigerian Press commenced with the printing media on 3rd December 1859 by a Christian Missionary named Reverend Henry Townsend who established the firstNewspaper in Nigeria called “ Iwe Iroyin fun awon Egba ati Yoruba” which literary means“A Newspaper for the Egba and Yoruba Nations” {Ese Malemi, 1999} in today’s Abeokuta the Capital city of Ogun State topromote literacy and build up elites among the then EGBAs and not with current serving political motive but asa matter of fact succeeding Newspapers choose contrary with an indelible footprint as far as political history of Nigeria is concerned. The demise of ‘Iwe Iroyin’ later resulted to the emergence of other Newspapers like Anglo-African, Lagos Time and Gold Coast Advertiser, Lagos Observer, The Eagle and Lagos Criti, The Mirror, The Nigerian Chronicle, The Lagos Standard, Lagos Weekly Record, African Messenger,The West African Pilot, Nigerian Tribune {Reuben Abati, 1998}.
This powerful influence manifested by the paper led to the establishment of many newspapers especially in the 1960s. The New Nigerian Newspaper Limited, with its head office along Ahmadu Bello Way, Kaduna, was established by the then government of the Northern Region on 23rd October, 1964. The first copies of the newspaper were issued on January 1st 1966. Its initial name was Northern Nigerian Newspapers Limited. But when states were created out of the regions in 1964 it was changed to New Nigerian Newspapers Limited as it is known today. Before the establishment of the New Nigerian Newspapers, the Northern Nigerian Government had established a Hausa language newspaper in Zaria called Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo in 1936. And within the stable of Gaskiya Corporation, printer of the paper, an English language vision, Nigerian Citizen emerged in 1965. Then a few months later (in 1966) its name was changed to New Nigerian and the headquarters relocated to Kaduna where it is now based.
MATRI C NO: 13/30/0388
ReplyDeleteDEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND 11 EVENING
TOPIC: EXAMINE THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE ALL OVER THE WORLD WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS IN NIGERIA
SOLUTION:
Magazine like every other print media began with the sole aim of informing, educating and entertaining the people with news happenings in the environment and especially in an investigative journalistic order and or, indepth analysis.
The history of magazine in Nigeria goes far back as the 1840s when European missionaries established community newspapers to propagate Christianity. This initiative later gave rise to the establishment of newspaper outfits by the likes of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe in 1937. Titled West African Pilot, Zik’s paper pioneered a general protest against the British colonial rule and resulted to the eventual attainment of independence in 1960.
The historical background and development of the Nigerian Press commenced with the printing media on 3rd December 1859 by a Christian Missionary named Reverend Henry Townsend who established the firstNewspaper in Nigeria called “ Iwe Iroyin fun awon Egba ati Yoruba” which literary means“A Newspaper for the Egba and Yoruba Nations” {Ese Malemi, 1999} in today’s Abeokuta the Capital city of Ogun State topromote literacy and build up elites among the then EGBAs and not with current serving political motive but asa matter of fact succeeding Newspapers choose contrary with an indelible footprint as far as political history of Nigeria is concerned. The demise of ‘Iwe Iroyin’ later resulted to the emergence of other Newspapers like Anglo-African, Lagos Time and Gold Coast Advertiser, Lagos Observer, The Eagle and Lagos Criti, The Mirror, The Nigerian Chronicle, The Lagos Standard, Lagos Weekly Record, African Messenger,The West African Pilot, Nigerian Tribune {Reuben Abati, 1998}.
This powerful influence manifested by the paper led to the establishment of many newspapers especially in the 1960s. The New Nigerian Newspaper Limited, with its head office along Ahmadu Bello Way, Kaduna, was established by the then government of the Northern Region on 23rd October, 1964. The first copies of the newspaper were issued on January 1st 1966. Its initial name was Northern Nigerian Newspapers Limited. But when states were created out of the regions in 1964 it was changed to New Nigerian Newspapers Limited as it is known today. Before the establishment of the New Nigerian Newspapers, the Northern Nigerian Government had established a Hausa language newspaper in Zaria called Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo in 1936. And within the stable of Gaskiya Corporation, printer of the paper, an English language vision, Nigerian Citizen emerged in 1965. Then a few months later (in 1966) its name was changed to New Nigerian and the headquarters relocated to Kaduna where it is now based.
All over the world, magazines are used as key tools to sell ideas, concepts and beliefs. The Nigerian market for magazines is no exception. For instance, few of the nations where magazine is prominent are:
Reference
Botein Stephen, Jack R. Censer and Ritvo Harriet. (1981) "The Periodical Press in
Eighteenth-CenturyEnglish and French Society: A Cross-Cultural Approach", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 23, 464-90
Herd, Harold. The March of Journalism (1952): The Story of the British Press from 1622 to
the Present Day.
Zeldin, Theodore France: 1848-1945 (1977) vol 2. ch 11, "Newspapers and corruption" pp 492-573
www.wikipedia.org/2014