A committee of scientific experts is calling on the government to halve the recommended daily intake of sugar.
Advisers on nutrition say no more than 5% of daily calories should come from added sugar - about seven level teaspoons.
The guidelines are in line with new World Health Organization proposals.
According to existing research, all age groups in the UK consume at least twice this limit.
The Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition(SACN), which advises Public Health England and other government agencies on nutrition, wants the recommended daily intake of sugar to be halved to reduce obesity risk and improve dental health.
Prof Ian Macdonald, chair of the working group of the committee, said: "The evidence is stark - too much sugar is harmful to health and we all need to cut back.
"The clear and consistent link between a high-sugar diet and conditions like obesity and type 2 diabetes is the wake-up call we need to rethink our diet.
"Cut down on sugars, increase fibre and we'll all have a better chance of living longer, healthier lives."
The government said it was accepting the recommendations and will be using them to develop its national strategy on childhood obesity, which is due out later this year.
The main sources of sugar in the diet are sweetened drinks and cereal, confectionery, fruit juice, and sugar added at the table.
A single can of fizzy drink contains about nine teaspoons of sugar.
Prof Judith Buttriss of the British Nutrition Foundation said the type of sugar targeted was known as free sugar - all the different types of sugar that we have in our diet, excluding the sugars that are found in fruit and milk.
"What the recommendations are saying is we've all got to cut down so we're getting no more than 5% of our total from these free sugars," she told the BBC Today Programme.
Analysis: Adam Brimelow, health correspondent
It is one thing setting out what people should aspire to eat, quite another making it happen.
Achieving the expected threshold for added sugar - no more than 5% of calories consumed - will be a challenge for government, industry and the public.
At the moment, the average intake in all age groups is at least twice this limit.
The health arguments are compelling, but will people want to change their eating patterns, and will they be able to afford it?
The food industry says it is already working to cut added sugars.
Some health campaigners say clearer labelling will be needed so people can see at a glance how many teaspoons of sugar have gone into each portion.
The British Dental Association (BDA) has called on the government to take heed of the latest advice.
Tooth decay is the biggest cause of hospital admissions among young children.
Mick Armstrong, chairman of the BDA, said: "The government now has the evidence and a clear duty to send the strongest possible signal to the food industry that while added sugar might be helping their sales, it is hurting their customers."
The food industry has said calories in household foods and drinks have been gradually lowered in recent years, including sugar reductions and changes to portion sizes.
The Food and Drink Federation described the goals set out in the report as "stretching".
Director general Ian Wright said: "The most thorough scientific review of carbohydrates and health carried out in recent years should leave people in no doubt that sugars can be enjoyed safely as part of a varied and balanced diet."
He added: "Demonising any one ingredient in the obesity debate isn't helpful."
Meal planners
According to health experts, 5% of daily energy intake is the equivalent of 19g or five sugar cubes for children aged four to six, 24g or six sugar cubes for children aged seven to 10, or seven sugar cubes for those aged 11 and over, based on average diets.
Many health campaigners want to see a tax on sugar, with doctors' leaders joining the call this week.
The British Medical Association said a 20% levy on sugary drinks would be a step towards the long-term goal of taxing a wide range of products in the fight against obesity.
The government has said it will not be introducing a sugar tax.
On Friday, the head of the NHS, Simon Stevens, said the price of sugary drinks should be increased to pay for the living wage.
Mr Stevens said it would benefit parents, children and low-paid workers.
Mr Stevens stopped short of recommending a tax on sugar, but said if progress cutting sugar from diets did not happen a "regulatory backstop" would be needed.
Name: Shittu Adeola Lateefat
ReplyDeleteMatric No: 13/30/0558
EXAMINE THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINES ALL OVER THE WORLD WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON NIGERIA WITH REFERENCES
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD
According to British philosopher Francis Bacon, the printing press was one of the three inventions that “changes the whole face” and state of things throughout the world.
In 1663, German theologian and poet Johann Rist created a periodical called Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen (“Edifying monthly discussions”). Widely considered to be one of the earliest examples of a modern magazine, the gazette lasted for five years and spanned a myriad of similar journals in England, France and Italy. Cultured young intellectuals readily devoured the periodicals, which summarized new books and welcomes scholarly articles.
In 1672, the first “periodical of amusement” was published. Le Mercure Galand (later called Mercure de France), was created by French writer and playwright Jean Donneau de Vize. The publication contains news, songs, short verses and gossip.
In 1731, an English man named Edward Cave published a periodical called The Gentleman’s magazines. He invented the word “magazine” from the Arabic word “Makhazin”, which meant store house.
In 1842, British news agent Herbert Ingram created the first illustration magazine. After realizing that colourful sketches and illustrations contributed to magazine sales. Ingram began publishing The Illustrated London News.
Today, there are thousand of magazines worldwide. Magazine inspired, informed, educated and entertain audience across the globe.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT MAGAZINE IN NIGERIA
In years past, magazine publication in Nigeria used to place emphasis on the information they were distributing, not necessarily the aesthetic quality. From the mid 80s to the 90s, magazine publication could sometimes be difficult to produce due to the unavailability of advanced computer technology. At that time in Nigeria, there was news magazine like TSM (The Sunday Magazine) published by the late May Ellen, Newswatch by the late Dele Giwa, and Tell which was started by group of people from newswastch. Also, popular in the late 80s and early 90s were some soft sell magazine like PrimePeople and the Lifestyle true story magazine, such as Hints and Hearts, which were published by Dr. Kachukwu and Chief Godwin respectively.
Of all the magazine that were published then, only a handful are still in circulation Tell, Newswatch and Hints. The magazines has faced some problems Turbulence in the form of government oppression (as in the cases of Tell and newswatch); economic decoturn and the challenges of then emerging digital technology, but they still stayed true to their causes.
REFERENCES
The Editor of Encyclopaedia Britannica “Le Mercure De Frence (French Magazine)” Encyclopaedia Britannica online. Encyclopaedia Britannica, n.d. web 25 August, 2014.
A Dictionary of the English Language, 1755. Web. 26 August 2014.
University of North Carolina at Pembroke (A brief history of Nigeria magazine) n.d. Web 31st August 2014.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica “Sports illustrated (America Magazine) n.d. Web 31 August 2014.
Isaacson, Walter Public Citizen: Philadelphia 1731, 1748” Benjamin Franklin: An America Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003. Print.
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ReplyDeleteNAME: OSAYE FUNMILAYO ABIGEAL
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1156
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
As its root, the word “magazine” refers to a collection or storage location. In the case of written publication, it is a collection of written articles. (This explains why magazine publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines, artillery magazines, firearms magazines, and in various languages although not English, retail stores such as department stores).
Magazines can be distributed through the mail, through sales by newsstands, bookstores, or other vendors, or through free distribution at selected pick-up locations. The subscription business models for distribution fall into three main categories.
Paid circulation: In this model, the magazine is sold to readers for a price, either on a per-issue basis or by subscription, where an annual fee or monthly price is paid and issues are sent by post to readers.
Non-paid circulation: This means that there is no cover price and issues are given away, for example in street dispensers, airline in-flight magazines, or included with other products or publications.
Controlled circulation: This is the model used by many trade magazines (industry-based periodicals) distributed only to qualifying readers, often for free and determined by some form of survey.
This latter model was widely used before the rise of the World Wide Web and is still employed by some titles.
In the library technical sense, a “magazine” paginates with each issue starting at page three. Likewise, in the technical sense a “journal” has continuous pagination throughout a volume.
Thus Business Week, which starts each issue a new with page one, is a magazine, but the Journal of Business Communication, which starts each volume with the winter issue and continues the same sequence of pagination throughout the conterminous year, is a journal. Some professional or trade publications are also peer-reviewed.
The earliest example of magazines was ErbaulicheMonathsUnterredungen which was launched in 1663 in Germany. It was a literary and philosophy magazine.In 2011, 152 magazines ceased operations and in 2012, 8 magazines were closed down.
Magazines shape our lives, telling us what to wear, what to eat, what to think about ourselves and the world around us. Although this is the age of the Internet, we continue to enjoy magazines, admire their pages, editorials, headlines.
NAME: ADEBISI SALAMOT OLUFUNKE
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1037
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
In years past, magazine publication in Nigeria used to place emphasis on the information they were distributing, not necessarily the aesthetic quality. From the mid-80’s to the 90’s, magazine publications could sometimes be difficult to produce due to the unavailability of advanced computer technology.
At that time in Nigeria were news magazines like TSM (The Sunday Magazine) published by the late May Ellen, Newswatch by the late Dele Giwa, and Tell which was started by a group of people from Newswatch.
Also popular in the late 80’s and the early 90’s were some soft sell magazines like PrimePeople and the lifestyle/true story magazines, such as Hints and Hearts, which were published by Dr.Kachikwu and Chief Godwin, respectively.
Not all these magazines were industry-based, but rather catered to many demographics. For instance, PrimePeople appealed largely to women because of its reports on people of high society.
Of all the magazines that were published the, only a handful are still in circulation such as Tell, Newswatch, and Hints. These magazines have faced some turbulence in the form of government oppression (as in the cases of Tell and Newswatch), economic downturn and the challenges of then-emerging digital technology, but they still stayed true to their causes.
Most magazines in Nigeria are now industry-based for a group of people. Some such magazines include ESQ and ThisDay Lawyer, published and inserted weekly in ThisDay Newspapers. We also have FourFourTwo for football and Complete Sport for athletes and sports lovers.
There is also Motorshopper for car dealers and buyers. For the music industry, we have magazines like HipHop World, Blast and Swag, among others. For the wedding business, we have magazines like Wedding Affairs and Weddingbells.
Many Magazines in Nigeria are specialized for a specific group or class of people. In this category we have magazines like TrueLove, Genevive, Cosmo, TW (Today’s Woman) published specifically for women, while other magazine geared towards parties and ceremonies of the “who’s who” of society.
Almost all the magazines that are produced in Nigeria now are top quality. According to investigation, some of these magazines are taken out of the country for their printing while those that are printed in the country mainly use Direct Imaging (DI) technology to print. This explains how magazines published in Nigeria can favourably compete with any magazine published in the Western world.
There is stiff competition now in the Nigerian magazine market, pressuring editors to ensure that the magazines they put on the market are of good artistic quality. The pictures and texts are arranged to attract readers.
Most Nigerian magazines that are of international standard have their cover price set between N500 and N2, 500.Most of these magazines also have websites that allow you to subscribe and receive them.
The major media types or groups that have been introduced since the beginning of the twentieth century include film, sound recordings, radio, television, personal computers, video cassettes, video games, and the Internet. Some of these media introductions have had major negative impacts on magazines; for example, television “stole” readers and advertisers that resulted in the eventual extinction of general interest, mass circulation magazines in the late 1960s and early 1970s (van Zuilen, 1977).
NAME: ADEJUMO ADESOLA
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/0954
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
From an historical perspective, whenever a new medium reaches critical mass it threatens to, and does, displace existing media to some degree. For example, the upstart television industry took consumers and advertisers away from the radio industry back in the 1940s and 1950s.
An historical perspective on both the perceived threats at their introduction, and the general effects of new media on magazines throughout this century will provide a better understanding of the current media landscape.
The revolution of special–interest niche magazines began back in the early 1970s; the magazine industry reacted to the loss of national advertising and eventual failure of mass circulation, general interest magazines due to the increasing use of television by both consumers and advertisers (Gage, 1982; van Zuilen, 1977).
Today, magazines face competition from Internet–only e–zines, which have virtually no traditional paper, printing, or distribution costs, and are better versed in new media interactivity.
Because of this they are able to serve even more specialized vertical communities a function similar to today’s special interest and trade magazines. Magazines also face the television and radio industries’ entry into the text based medium now available through the Internet. In sum, the four colour, text based medium that magazines used to “own” has in many ways become available to virtually anyone with Web technology.
Meanwhile, magazine publishers are trying to find ways to best capitalize on the Internet without cannibalizing their own readers and advertisers (Marlatt, 2001; Woodard, 2001). According to a survey in Folio, a leading trade publication, 54.5 percent of the sampled magazine professionals feel that the integration of print and digital media is a top issue facing the industry second only to circulation economics (Folio, 2001).
The purpose of this is paper is to provide an historical overview of the positive and negative effects of new mass media introductions on magazine publishing in the United States over the last century.
The goal is to provide context and perspective on the increasing penetration of the World Wide Web and its effect on magazine reading habits. Some of industry’s major developments and trends are examined in light of the introductions of new mass media.
Within the framework of this paper, new media are considered as new forms of mass communication or entertainment media that threaten to take readers or advertisers away from traditional magazines.
The major media types or groups that have been introduced since the beginning of the twentieth century include film, sound recordings, radio, television, personal computers, video cassettes, video games, and the Internet.
Some of these media introductions have had major negative impacts on magazines; for example, television “stole” readers and advertisers that resulted in the eventual extinction of general interest, mass circulation magazines in the late 1960s and early 1970s (van Zuilen, 1977). Conversely, the births of other new media have had positive effects on the magazine industry.
For example, the growing penetration and popularity of the personal computer during the 1980s motivated millions of information–hungry readers and special–interest advertisers.
Each introduction of a new brand of personal computer or even model number was followed immediately (or concurrently) by the launch of several competitive magazine titles in the 1980s (Maryles, 1983; New York Times, 1983).Each time a new medium is introduced it threatens to displace existing media to some degree or another (Dimmick and Rothenbuhler, 1984b).
NAME: KAZEEM OLUWASEUN.O
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1035
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
The first publication to be called “Magazine” was published by Dennis Desallo, a French man. He named his magazine “Miecuire de France”.
Later, Daniel Defoe, an English man started publishing another magazine called review in 1904.
The first publication in Nigeria to be referred to as a magazine was a government periodical, titled, “The Nigerian gassette”, which was established in 1900. Being a government medium, it was devoted to analysing and interpreting the policies and activities of the colonial regime.
After the adoption of the Richard constitution in 1947 the British colonial government through her public relations department introduced regular press briefing and issued news release frequently. It also published magazines such as the “Nigerian Review” and the “children own paper” (Daramol:2008).
In the 1960’s Daily Times marketed Drum and Spear magazine in Nigeria. But, by 1970s some Nigerians were already making in road into magazine publishing. One of them was Mr. Chris Okolie, who published NewBreedmagazine. However, Nigerians could not be said to have develop a “magazine reading culture as at 1970s.
It was in the mid-1980s, when Newswatch was established by Messrs Dele Giwa, Ray Ekpu, Yakubu Mohammed and Dan Agbese, that magazine started developing large readerhip, when they were columnist and editors in newspapers (Daily Times, national Concord, Sunday Concord and New Nigerian).
The readership which they have earned overtime as newspapers editiors, took interest in their magazine and this provided large audience for the magazine, and thus the “Magazine cultures”, become a part of the print media development in Nigeria.
Since the establishment of Newswatch, other magazines had emerged in the Nigerian publishing scene. Tell and The Newswatch Magazines are examples. They are general interest magazines like Newswatch.
However, some specialized magazines, concentrating on different areas of interest are also being published in Nigeria. Examples are broad street Journal (a financial publication), Encomium and city people (soft sells), and Hints (woman magazine). But the good news is that the magazine culture is firmly rooted in Nigeria’s print media (Akinsuli:2010).
Magazines are not daily publication; they are published weekly, monthly bi monthly, or quarterly. Magazines are attractive and appealing because of their high production quality. They come in colourful and glossy paperbacks. Magazines are the gloss and the glitter of the print media. The frequency of magazine is determined by the organisational policy and the target audiences.
NAME: ADELOWO ADEOLA MONSURAT
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1157
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
First publication, which could be called a magazine, was the German ErbaulicheMonathsUnterredungen, released in the year 1663. It was a literary and philosophical edition and after it was launched several periodicals with very similar topics were published, and were intended for an intellectual audience.
Thematic scope was very narrow, and it was mainly written by one author. A publication similar to today’s magazines (various themes and several authors) appeared in the year 1672, when French author Jean Donneau de Vize created Le Mercure Gallant.
It combines topics form court events, theatre and literature, and this magazine concept was copied throughout Europe the first women’s magazine, Ladies Mercury, was launched in London in the year 1693. Of course, these publications in their beginnings were called periodicals.
Name “magazine” appeared in the year 1731 with the occurrence of the Gentleman’s Magazine. The name magazine, which comes from the Arabic word which means the warehouse, and was used for describing the place which deposits large quantity of various goods, while the analogy used to describe a book that contained many useful information for travellers and sailors.
The success of the magazine was great, but the costs of every issue were even higher. Printing cost was high, and the number of printed copies could not be greater than one hundred thousand, because it was technically impossible to squeeze a larger amount of paper through the machine. Distribution was also a big problem because it was difficult to move large quantities of magazines at great distances.
In the mid-19th century readers were not only the rich ones and magazines become available to the middle class.This was beginning for the first family magazines, such as Dickens Household Words.
During the 19th century, increasing attempts was made to cut the price of the magazines. At this time the first ads appeared, but not much because the ads were loaded with special tax all up to 1853.
After the repeal of the tax, number of ads did not increase since many publishers avoided this type of income (Readers Digest magazine did not publish ads until 1955).
In the late 19th century and with the invention of the rotary press, the number of printed copies increases, and the price of the issue is reduced and thus we enter the century that will mark the development of the magazines as one of the world’s leading media.
With technological progress, increased circulation, and increasing use of images, magazines are becoming increasingly attractive to advertisers. The first advertising agency was established in 1890 and from that point on advertising started to flourish.
NAME: DANPOSE OLUWASEUN MARY
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1158
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
Name “magazine” appeared in the year 1731 with the occurrence of the Gentleman’s Magazine. The name magazine, which comes from the Arabic word which means the warehouse, and was used for describing the place which deposits large quantity of various goods, while the analogy used to describe a book that contained many useful information for travellers and sailors.
Magazines shape our lives, telling us what to wear, what to eat, what to think about ourselves and the world around us. Although this is the age of the Internet, we continue to enjoy magazines, admire their pages, editorials, headlines.
According to British philosopher Francis Bacos, the printing press was one of three inventions that “changed the whole face and state of things throughout the world”.
Prior to the invention of the printing press, books had to be painstakingly copied by hand. When Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1440, he created a way for knowledge to be mass-produced for the first time in human history. Within a century of its advent, the printing press was being used to print pamphlets, almanacs and newsletters in addition to Bibles and religious materials.In1960 the magazine began to appeal the youth focusing more on contemporary fashion and editorial features openly discussing sexuality.
In 1973 it became a monthly publication and underwent extensive editorial and stylistic changes to respond to changes in the lifestyles of its target audience. Anna Wintour is the current chief in editor.
It has other publications by the name Vogue, British editionand Men’s Vogue.In 2007,magazine drew criticism from the anti-smoking group, “Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids“, for carrying tobacco advertisements in the magazine.
The 1700s ushered in a time of increased literacy and intellectual prowess, especially among women. Society’s hunger for knowledge enabled magazines to become a popular cultural staple.
English printers produced three essay magazines: Daniel Defoe’s The Review (published 1704-13); Sir Richard Steele’s The Tatler (published 1709-11); and Addison and Steele’s The Spectator (published 1711-12).
Since the periodicals were published several times a week, they resembled our modern newspapers. However, their content was more similar to that of modern magazines. The Review published opinionated essays about national and international event.
In 1731, an Englishman named Edward Cave published a periodical called The Gentleman’s Magazine. He invented the word “magazine” from the Arabic word makhazin, which meant storehouse. Cave’s goal was to create a magazine that the general public would be interested in.
NAME: LATEEFAT JUNAID
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1018
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
In 1731, an Englishman named Edward Cave published a periodical called The Gentleman’s Magazine. He invented the word “magazine” from the Arabic word makhazin, which meant storehouse. Cave’s goal was to create a magazine that the general public would be interested in.
His publication contained everything from essays and poems to stories and political musings. Cave achieved two noteworthy accomplishments: he coined the term “magazine,” and he was the first publisher to successfully fashion a wide-ranging publication.
The success of the magazine was great, but the costs of every issue were even higher. Printing cost was high, and the number of printed copies could not be greater than one hundred thousand, because it was technically impossible to squeeze a larger amount of paper through the machine.
Distribution was also a big problem because it was difficult to move large quantities of magazines at great distances.
Early magazines were often bought at newsstands. Gradually, however, most companies began distributing their magazines by subscription. A subscription guaranteed that the subscriber would receive each new issue of the publication.
Today, people can buy magazines on a per-issue basis or by subscription. Some magazines are given away for free, such as in-flight airline magazines. Many modern magazines come with a digital component that qualifies them for additional online content.
In 1888, National Geographic Magazine was founded. The publication was filled with scientific content and colourful photos. Some of the magazine’s early revenue was used to fund scientific expeditions and endeavours.
But then there were magazines which were able to catch the reader’s nerves and their subscription graph rose as the time passes. Here we present the Top 9 fashion magazines of the world and the story behind their global success.
Vogue was founded as a bimonthly publication by Arthur Baldwin Tenure in 1892. When he died in 1909, Condé Nast picked it up and slowly began growing the publication.
In1960 the magazine began to appeal the youth focusing more on contemporary fashion and editorial features openly discussing sexuality.
Magazines also face the television and radio industries’ entry into the text based medium now available through the Internet. In sum, the four colour, text based medium that magazines used to “own” has in many ways become available to virtually anyone with Web technology.
Meanwhile, magazine publishers are trying to find ways to best capitalize on the Internet without cannibalizing their own readers and advertisers (Marlatt, 2001; Woodard, 2001). According to a survey in Folio, a leading trade publication, 54.5 percent of the sampled magazine professionals feel that the integration of print and digital media is a top issue facing the industry second only to circulation economics (Folio, 2001).
NAME: AKHADELOR JANET BLESSING
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1299
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
The word “magazine” was coined from the Arabic word makhazin, which meant storehouse. Cave’s goal was to create a magazine that the general public would be interested in.
In the past decade, the magazine industry has an incredible roller-coaster ride, from the boom of the indie publishing to the bust of print’s web-induced slow and steady demise.
Michael Bojkowski of the excellent LineFeed has just released Decadism: Magazines 2000-2009- a brilliant and ambitious effort to distill 5 million minutes of magazine publishing into a 50-minute history.
Bojkowskideives into the most compelling depths of the print world, from what drives innovation (technology is the brainer guess, but there’s also a surprising layer of environmental concerns), to what factors make a magazine succeed or fail, to how audience fragmentation Robin-Hooded readership, eroding big-name titles while allowing smaller, nicher, independent ones to flourish.
He highlights a handful of landmark publications, including a few of our favourite titles today.
We have to preface this by saying that digitizing print is insufficient and misguided. Trying to appropriate contend designed with one medium in mind for consumption in another, guided by entirely different reading behaviours, is like listening to an organ music concert on you iPod.
You still hear the sound and get the main message, but all of its quality, authenticity and allure are lost. Still, it has a certain archival value that we can’t overlook the heritage of a medium is essential to crafting its future.
In the past couple of years, we’ve seen some of the most culturally significant magazines release digital archives in one form or another. In 2008, LIFE partnered with Google to release one of the world’s largest and richest photographic archives.
Last month, Popular Science made 137 years of its archives available online. And every issue of SPIN magazine is available on Google Books.
The major media types or groups that have been introduced since the beginning of the twentieth century include film, sound recordings, radio, television, personal computers, video cassettes, video games, and the Internet.
Some of these media introductions have had major negative impacts on magazines; for example, television “stole” readers and advertisers that resulted in the eventual extinction of general interest, mass circulation magazines in the late 1960s and early 1970s (van Zuilen, 1977).
Today, we’ll try to contextualize all this by looking at the past, present and future of magazine publishing from three different angles, exploring everything from the digitization of print archives, to the emergence of niche, indie titles, to the publishing potential of the iPad.
Ipad is a great tool, and it brings new possibilities in magazine production for sure, but it cannot replace that feeling of paper between your fingers. That smells of freshly printed pages. There will always be a need for printed magazines.
NAME: ANDREW MARVELLOUS
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1164
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
Some have predicted the death of the magazines, just like they have predicted the death of the newspapers died, and neither will the magazines. There will still be printed magazines, no matter how popular tablet editions are. Yes, the numbers will drop but they will never die.
Magazines shape our lives, telling us what to wear, what to eat, what to think about ourselves and the world around us. Although this is the age of the Internet, we continue to enjoy magazines, admire their pages, editorials, headlines.
The visual telling of stories collects vintage magazine covers, ads, maps, photographs, illustrations and other print ephemera, covering everything from fashion to early data visualization.
While digitization is obviously not the answer to print’s relationship with web platforms, it’s a potent antidote to one of the web’s biggest plagues: Its ephemeral nature and the burying of excellent older content in this culture of immediacy and compulsive correctness.
It’s no secret the iPad has been profusely drooled on by the magazine industry, with print publishers hailing it as a silver bullet that will save their business and do their laundry in the process.
Which it may be, but only if used in a smart way that harnesses its power to offer a more seamless and intuitive curatorial experience, rather than merely its techno-bling potential. Here are a handful of the better-conceived efforts to appropriate the iPad as a keeper of magazines’ fascination.
Today, we’ll try to contextualize all this by looking at the past, present and future of magazine publishing from three different angles, exploring everything from the digitization of print archives, to the emergence of niche, indie titles, to the publishing potential of the iPad.
Ipad is a great tool, and it brings new possibilities in magazine production for sure, but it cannot replace that feeling of paper between your fingers. That smells of freshly printed pages. There will always be a need for printed magazines.
Conversely, the births of other new media have had positive effects on the magazine industry. For example, the growing penetration and popularity of the personal computer during the 1980s motivated millions of information–hungry readers and special–interest advertisers.
Each introduction of a new brand of personal computer or even model number was followed immediately (or concurrently) by the launch of several competitive magazine titles in the 1980s (Maryles, 1983; New York Times, 1983).
NAME: SHOYOKE OLUWAFUNMIKE
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1319
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
Some have predicted the death of the magazines, just like they have predicted the death of the newspapers died, and neither will the magazines.
There will still be printed magazines, no matter how popular tablet editions are. Yes, the numbers will drop but they will never die.
That is, it is print medium that does more of news analysis than mere news reporting.News reporting is important to a magazine but focuses on the interpretation and coverage of past events with wider perspective.
It is an ideal medium of instruction and information for the leisurely and critical readers.
Name “magazine” appeared in the year 1731 with the occurrence of the Gentleman’s Magazine. The name magazine, which comes from the Arabic word which means the warehouse, and was used for describing the place which deposits large quantity of various goods, while the analogy used to describe a book that contained many useful information for travellers and sailors.
The success of the magazine was great, but the costs of every issue were even higher. Printing cost was high, and the number of printed copies could not be greater than one hundred thousand, because it was technically impossible to squeeze a larger amount of paper through the machine.
Distribution was also a big problem because it was difficult to move large quantities of magazines at great distances.
Most Nigerian magazines that are of international standard have their cover price set between N500 and N2, 500.Most of these magazines also have websites that allow you to subscribe and receive them.That smells of freshly printed pages. There will always be a need for printed magazines.
Is there anything nicer than to come home after a hard day’s work, put on slippers, sit back in a sofa and read a favourite magazine that you just grabbed at the local newsstand?
The major media types or groups that have been introduced since the beginning of the twentieth century include film, sound recordings, radio, television, personal computers, video cassettes, video games, and the Internet.
Some of these media introductions have had major negative impacts on magazines; for example, television “stole” readers and advertisers that resulted in the eventual extinction of general interest, mass circulation magazines in the late 1960s and early 1970s (van Zuilen, 1977).
NAME: IDOWU KAMORUDEEN ORIYOMI
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1226
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
In 1888, National Geographic Magazine was founded. The publication was filled with scientific content and colourful photos. Some of the magazine’s early revenue was used to fund scientific expeditions and endeavours.
But then there were magazines which were able to catch the reader’s nerves and their subscription graph rose as the time passes. Here we present the Top 9 fashion magazines of the world and the story behind their global success.
Today, people can buy magazines on a per-issue basis or by subscription. Some magazines are given away for free, such as in-flight airline magazines. Many modern magazines come with a digital component that qualifies them for additional online content.
Early magazines were often bought at newsstands. Gradually, however, most companies began distributing their magazines by subscription. A subscription guaranteed that the subscriber would receive each new issue of the publication.
In 1973 it became a monthly publication and underwent extensive editorial and stylistic changes to respond to changes in the lifestyles of its target audience. Anna Wintour is the current chief in editor.
It has other publications by the name Vogue, British editionand Men’s Vogue.In 2007, magazine drew criticism from the anti-smoking group, “Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids“, for carrying tobacco advertisements in the magazine.
Instyle is a monthly women’s fashion magazine, published by Time Inc. in the United States. The magazine offers articles about beauty, fashion, home, entertaining, charitable endeavors, and celebrity lifestyles.
Cosmopolitan is an International magazine for women. It was first published in 1886 in the United States as a family magazine and eventually became a women’s magazine in the late 1960s.
Also known as Cosmo its current content includes articles on relationships and sex, health, careers, self-improvement it has 58 international editions, is printed in 34 languages and is distributed in more than 100 countries.
In recent years the magazine and in particular its cover stories have become more sexually explicit in tone.Once cosmopolitan ran a feature claiming that women had almost no reason to worry if a women makes sex with HIV positive men.This article angered many AIDS activists.
Besides Hearst’s magazines some other important publications appear such as Conde Nast’s Vogue, Vanity Fair and news magazine Time, whose starter Henry Luce is still considered the most influential publisher in history.
Although Luce launched Time, he was not a visionary and he did not guide the magazine. He actually stole the idea for the first political weekly from his colleague at Yale, Britton Hadden.
NAME: SOKUNBI MARIAM OLABISI
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1216
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
Gentleman’s Magazine is the first publication that was named magazine.
The word magazine comes from the French word magasin, which means a store house. So just like the meaning of its root word, a magazine news, features, pictures, cartoons adverts, etc. keeps the public informed by providing information on a variety of subject matters-health, politics, education, fashion, sports, and others.
There have been hundreds of thousands of magazines which were published in last centuries since the first magazine The Gentleman’s magazine rolled out in 1731 in London. Since then many of them mesmerized its readers and stayed in the business for a longer period whereas many discontinued because of lack of content and numbness.
But then there were magazines which were able to catch the reader’s nerves and their subscription graph rose as the time passes. Here we present the Top 9 fashion magazines of the world and the story behind their global success.
Vogue was founded as a bimonthly publication by Arthur Baldwin Tenure in 1892. When he died in 1909, Condé Nast picked it up and slowly began growing the publication.
In1960 the magazine began to appeal the youth focusing more on contemporary fashion and editorial features openly discussing sexuality.
In 1973 it became a monthly publication and underwent extensive editorial and stylistic changes to respond to changes in the lifestyles of its target audience.Anna Wintour is the current chief in editor.
It has other publications by the name Vogue,British editionand Men’s Vogue.In 2007,magazine drew criticism from the anti-smoking group, “Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids“, for carrying tobacco advertisements in the magazine.
Instyle is a monthly women’s fashion magazine, published by Time Inc. in the United States. The magazine offers articles about beauty, fashion, home, entertaining, charitable endeavors, and celebrity lifestyles.
Cosmopolitan is an International magazine for women. It was first published in 1886 in the United States as a family magazine and eventually became a women’s magazine in the late 1960s.
Also known as Cosmo its current content includes articles on relationships and sex, health, careers, self-improvement it has 58 international editions, is printed in 34 languages and is distributed in more than 100 countries.
NAME: IDOWU OLAYIWOLA
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1099
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING & PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND II EVENING (STREAM C)
EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD WITH SPECIAL INTEREST OR FOCUS ON NIGERIA SCENE
The Gentleman’s Magazine is published by Edward Cave in England. Intended to entertain with essays, stories, poems and political commentary. Closed 1914. Often regarded as the first modern magazine. Some issues are available online at the Internet Library of Early Journals.
Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary credits Edward Cave with coining ‘magazine’ (a storehouse or arsenal) in its modern sense: ‘Of late this word has signified a miscellaneous pamphlet, from a periodical miscellany named the Gentleman’s Magazine, by Edward Cave’.
There have been hundreds of thousands of magazines which were published in last centuries since the first magazine The Gentleman’s magazine rolled out in 1731 in London.
Since then many of them mesmerized its readers and stayed in the business for a longer period whereas many discontinued because of lack of content and numbness.
But then there were magazines which were able to catch the reader’s nerves and their subscription graph rose as the time passes. Here we present the Top 9 fashion magazines of the world and the story behind their global success.
Vogue was founded as a bimonthly publication by Arthur Baldwin Tenure in 1892. When he died in 1909, Condé Nast picked it up and slowly began growing the publication.
In1960 the magazine began to appeal the youth focusing more on contemporary fashion and editorial features openly discussing sexuality.
In 1973 it became a monthly publication and underwent extensive editorial and stylistic changes to respond to changes in the lifestyles of its target audience. Anna Wintour is the current chief in editor.
It has other publications by the name Vogue, British editionand Men’s Vogue.In 2007, magazine drew criticism from the anti-smoking group, “Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids“, for carrying tobacco advertisements in the magazine.
Instyle is a monthly women’s fashion magazine, published by Time Inc. in the United States. The magazine offers articles about beauty, fashion, home, entertaining, charitable endeavors, and celebrity lifestyles.
Cosmopolitan is an International magazine for women. It was first published in 1886 in the United States as a family magazine and eventually became a women’s magazine in the late 1960s.
NAME: OLAIYA TAIWO SAIDAT
ReplyDeleteMATRIC NO: 13/30/1073
COURSE TITLE: MAGAZINE EDITING PRODUCTION
COURSE CODE: MAC 223
DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION
LEVEL: ND 2C EVENING
Examine the historical development of magazine in the world with special interest or focus on Nigerian scene
First publication, which could be called a magazine was German “Erbauliche Unterredrungen” released in the year 1663. It was a literary and philosophical edition and after it was launched several periodicals with very similar topics were published and were intended for an intellectual audience.
Thematic scope was very narrow and it was mainly written by one author. A publication similar to today’s magazine (various theme and several authors) appeared in the year 1672, when French author Jean Donneau de vizecreated Le Mercare gallant. It combines topic from court events, theaters and literature and this magazine concept was copied throughout Europe. The first women magazine, ladies mercury, was launched in London in the year 1693. Of course, these publications in their beginning were called periodicals.
The name magazine appeared in the year 1731 with the occurrence of the “Gentleman’s magazine”. The name magazine which comes from the Arabic words which means the warehouse and was used for describing the place which deposit large quantity of various goods, while the analogy used to describe a book that contained many useful information for travelers and saviors. The oldest consumer magazine still in print is the “THE SCOTS MAGAZINE”, which was first published in 1739, though multiple changes in ownership and gaps in publication totaling over 90 years weaken that claim. Lloyd’slist was founded in Edward Lloyd’s England coffee shop in 1734, it was still published as a daily business newspaper.
The success of the magazine was great,but the cost of every issue was great but the costs of every issue were given higher. Printing cost was high and the number of printed copies could not be greater than one thousand because it was technically impossible to squeeze a larger amount of paper through the machine.Distribution was also a big problem because it was difficult to move larger quantities of magazine at great distance.
Magazines can be distributed through the mail, through sales by newsstands, book stores or other vendors or through free distribution at selected pick up locations.
In 2011, 152 magazines ceased operation and in 2012, 82 magazines were closed down. According to statistics from the end of 2013, subscription level for 22 of the top 25 magazine declined from 2012 to 2013, with just “Time, Glamour and ESPN”. Themagazine gaining number.
REFERENCE
With reference from Google, Wikipedia of historical development of magazines in the world.